1. Ranking Criteria and Weights

We rank universities by several indicators of academic or research performance, including alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, highly cited researchers, articles published in Nature and Science, articles indexed in major citation indices, and the per capita academic performance of an institution.

For each indicator, the highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any significant distorting effect; standard statistical techniques are used to adjust the indicator if necessary.

Scores for each indicator are weighted as shown below to arrive at a final overall score for an institution. The highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. An institution's rank reflects the number of institutions that sit above it.

* For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.

2. Definition of Indicators

Alumni. The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals. Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or doctoral degrees from the institution. Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1981-1990, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1971-1980, and so on, and finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1901-1910. If a person obtains more than one degrees from an institution, the institution is considered once only.

Award. The total number of the staff of an institution winning Nobel prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine and economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as those who work at an institution at the time of winning the prize. Different weights are set according to the periods of winning the prizes. The weight is 100% for winners in 2001-2004, 90% for winners in 1991-2000, 80% for winners in 1981-1990, 70% for winners in 1971-1980, and so on, and finally 10% for winners in 1911-1920. If a winner is affiliated with more than one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the number of institutions. For Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than one person, weights are set for winners according to their proportion of the prize.

HiCi. The number of highly cited researchers in broad subject categories in life sciences, medicine, physical sciences, engineering and social sciences. These individuals are the most highly cited within each category. The definition of categories and detailed procedures can be found at the website of Institute of Scientific Information.

N&S. The number of articles published in Nature and Science between 2000 and 2004. To distinguish the order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author affiliation if the first author affiliation is the same as corresponding author affiliation), 25% for the next author affiliation, and 10% for other author affiliations. Only publications of article type are considered.

SCI. Total number of articles indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded, Social Science Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index in 2004. Only publications of article type are considered. When calculating the total number of articles of an institution, a special weight of two was introduced for articles indexed in Social Science Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index.

Size. The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the number of full-time equivalent academic staff. If the number of academic staff for institutions of a country cannot be obtained, the weighted scores of the above five indicators is used. For ranking 2005, the numbers of full-time equivalent academic staff are obtained for institutions in USA, Japan, China, Italy, Australia, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Slovenia, etc.

3. Data Sources

Nobel laureates. http://www.nobel.se.

Fields Medals. http://www.mathunion.org/medals/.

Highly cited researchers. http://www.isihighlycited.com.
Articles published in Nature and Science. http://www.isiknowledge.com.

Articles indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded, Social Science Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index. http://www.isiknowledge.com.

4. List of Abbreviations

Abbreviations used in the names of institutions are as follows:

Agr - Agriculture
Chem - Chemistry
China-hk - China - Hong Kong
China-tw - China - Taiwan
Coll - College
Fed - Federal
Inst - Institute
Med - Medicine
Natl or Nacl - National
Phys - Physics
Sch - School
Sci - Science
Tech - Technology
Univ - University

5. Acknowledgements

The Ranking Group (Professor Nian Cai LIU, Mr. Ying CHENG, Ms Li LIU) in the Institute of Higher Education of Shanghai Jiao Tong University would like to express our gratitude for those who have provided us with the number of academic staff or thoughtful comments and suggestions.

If you will provide us statistical information on the detailed number of academic staff of institutions in your country, we would very much appreciate. We also look forward to have more comments and suggestions from you in the future.

What are the major changes in 2005?

After analyzing the numerous comments and suggestions from all over the world, we have made two major modifications in our ranking of 2005. Articles indexed in Arts & Humanities Index are included for the first time. When calculating the total number of articles indexed in the three citation indices, a special weight of two was introduced for articles indexed in Social Science Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index.

Another thing worthy noting is that both Humboldt University - Berlin and Free University - Berlin were not ranked in 2005. This is because both universities claimed to be the successor of Berlin University before World War II, and they could not agree on how to divide the Nobel prizes won by the old Berlin University.

Top 500 World Universities (1-100) (download the rar file)

Top 500 World Universities (101-202)

Top 500 World Universities (203-300)

Top 500 World Universities (303-400)

Top 500 World Universities (401-500)

Top 100 North & Latin American Universities

Top 100 European Universities

Top 100 Asia Pacific Universities

Statistics by Region and by Country

________________________________________

Copyright © 2005 Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University